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Apakah kamu pernah merasa bingung saat belajar Grammar / Tata Bahasa Bahasa Inggris (English Grammar), terutama dengan Tenses Bahasa Inggris (English Tenses)? Tenses sendiri adalah sebuah konsep yang menerangkan waktu kejadian dari sebuah pernyataan.
Bagi kita yang bukan penutur asli bahasa Inggris, memang ke-16 tenses bahasa Inggris dapat menjadi hal yang sulit untuk dipahami. Ada banyak peraturan dan juga pengecualian dalam tenses bahasa Inggris. Nah, cara utama untuk menguasai tenses adalah dengan memahami rumusnya, dan kapan kondisinya harus digunakan.
Terdapat 16 Tenses utama yang bisa kamu pelajari.Berikut adalah rangkuman dari ke-16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris dan tips belajar bahasa Inggris untuk menguasainya, serta contoh latihan yang bisa kamu kerjakan.
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Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Rumus
Subject + Verb 1 (present form)
Kata Sinyal
always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat Positif
He always works very hard in the company.
Kalimat Negatif
He does not work very hard in the company.
Kalimat Tanya
Does he work very hard in the company?
Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
Contoh soal Simple Present Tense:
Positive: Tifa has a very good record at boxing.
Negative: Tifa ..... a very good record at boxing.Which one is the correct answer?
a. doesn't has
b. hasn't
c. haven't
d. doesn't haveInterrogative: Do you think he can do it all alone?
Negative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. He don't think you can do it all alone.
b. He doesn't think you can do it all alone.
c. I don't think he can do it all alone.
d. Don't you think he can do it all alone.
Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.
Rumus
Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat Positif
Look! He is talking with his classmates.
Kalimat Negatif
He is not playing computer games now.
Kalimat Tanya
Is he playing computer games at the moment?
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Contoh soal Present Continuous Tense:
Positive: Mom is chopping vegetables in the kitchen.
Interrogative:Which one is the correct answer?
a. Is Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
b. Are Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
c. Does Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
d. Do Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?Negative: I'm not angry with him.
Interrogative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Do I angry with him?
b. Are you angry with him?
c. Do you angry with him?
d. Have you angry with him?
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
Rumus
Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Kalimat Positif
He has already finished his homework.
Kalimat Negatif
He has not been to Australia so far.
Kalimat Tanya
Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Contoh soal Present Perfect Tense:
Positive: I have worked on this task for the last 3 hours.
Interrogative:Which one is the correct answer?
a. Have you working on this task for the last 3 hours?
b. Are you working on this task for the last 3 hours?
c. Have you been worked this task for the last 3 hours?
d. Have you worked on this task for the last 3 hours?Negative: She hasn't visited her mother this month.
Interrogative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Does she have visited her mother this month?
b. Has she visited her mother this month?
c. Have she visited her mother this month?
d. Is she visiting her mother this month?
Baca juga : Kamus Bahasa Inggris
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.
Rumus
Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for the past 5 years, how long …?, the whole week, since xxxx
Kalimat Positif
He has been working here since 1996.
Kalimat Negatif
He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours.
Kalimat Tanya
Has he been playing the computer game all day?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Contoh soal Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
Interrogative: Have you been doing the same business for 3 years?
Positive:Which one is the correct answer?
a. I have been doing the same business for 3 years.
b. I had been done the same business for 3 years.
c. I am doing the same business for 3 years.
d. I have doing the same business for 3 years.Negative: She has been asking the same questions since 10 minutes ago.
Interrogative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Has she been asking the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
b. Does she have asked the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
c. Does she ask the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
d. Have she asked the same questions since 10 minutes ago?
Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus
Subject + Verb II (past form)
Kata Sinyal
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning
Kalimat Positif
Last year, he always worked until night.
Kalimat Negatif
He did not go to school this morning.
Kalimat Tanya
Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
Contoh soal Simple Past Tense:
Positive: He realized that he had to do better.
Interrogative:Which one is the correct answer?
a. Did he realize that he had to do better?
b. Does he realize that he had to do better?
c. Had he realize that he had to do better?
d. Did he realized that he had to do better?Negative: I didn't know him that well before.
Interrogative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Did you know him that well before?
b. Do you know him that well before?
c. Are you know him that well before?
d. Did you knew him that well before?
Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.
Rumus
Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday
Kalimat Positif
He was speaking when I entered in room.
Kalimat Negatif
He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya
Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
Contoh soal Past Continuous Tense:
Interrogative: Was I listening to the music when Mom came to my room?
Negative:
Which one is the correct answer?a. I wasn't listening to the music when Mom came to my room.
b. I didn't listening to the music when Mom comes to my room.
c. I was listening to the music when Mom was coming to my room.
d. I was listened to the music when Mom was coming to my room.Positive: You were playing football at 5 PM the day before.
Interrogative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Were you played football at 5 PM the day before?
b. Were you playing football at 5 PM the day before?
c. Were you play football at 5 PM the day before?
d. Were you being played football at 5PM the day before?
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.
Rumus
Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day
Kalimat Positif
He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
Kalimat Negatif
He had not been a high school student until last year.
Kalimat Tanya
Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Contoh soal Past Perfect Tense:
Positive: We had worked together before one of us got married.
Interrogative:Which one is the correct answer?
a. Had we work together before one of us got married?
b. Had we worked together before one of us got married
c. Did we work together before one of us got married?
d. Did we worked together before one of us got married?Negative: I hadn't finished the homework when you called me the night before.
Positive:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. I had finish the homework when you called me the night before.
b. I had finished the homework when you called me the night before.
c. I finished the homework when you had called me the night before.
d. I had been finishing the homework when you called me the night before.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Rumus
Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif
He said that he had been working here for ten years.
Kalimat Negatif
He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya
Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Contoh soal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
Positive: My friend said he had been exploring the country in his twenties.
Interrogative:Which one is the correct answer?
a. Did your friend explore the country in his twenties?
b. Had he exploring the country in his twenties?
c. Had your friend been exploring the country in his twenties?
d. Did your friend explored the country in his twenties?Negative: My coworker was told that he hadn't been doing a great job.
Interrogative:
Which one is the correct answer?
a. Did you been doing a great job?
b. Had he been doing a great job?
c. Did your coworker do a great job?
d. Had your coworker do a great hob?
Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form)
Kata Sinyal
in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later
Kalimat Positif
He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
tomorrow morning, in one year
Kalimat Positif
He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang sudah berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
by next Monday, in a week
Kalimat Positif
He will have finished the task by next Monday.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not have finished the given task by tomorrow evening.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he have finished the task in a week?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for the last couple of hours, all day long
Kalimat Positif
He will have been taking charge of the team for the next hour.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not have been doing the task for the last couple of hours.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he have been doing the research all day long?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
Past Future Tense
Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.
Rumus
Subject + WOULD + Verb (present form)
Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
He said that he would leave in three days.
Kalimat Negatif
He did not promise that he would buy you a new computer.
Kalimat Tanya
Did you tell him when I would arrive?
Yes, I did. / No, I did not.
Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus
Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
I made a promise that I would be doing my homework all day long tomorrow.
Kalimat Negatif
I did not tell anyone that I would be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole morning.
Kalimat Tanya
Did you say that you would be working hard in the next week?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Past Future Perfect Tense
Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus
Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
He told the students that they should have finished the homework this morning.
Kalimat Negatif
He said that he would not have made such a mistake if he had taken my advice.
Kalimat Tanya
Did you say that you would have been a doctor in three years?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.
Rumus
Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
I heard that you should have been teaching here for ten years by this July.
Kalimat Negatif
I did not know that he would have been working for the past three hours by that time.
Kalimat Tanya
Would he have been explaining to the workers if he had made the information clear?
Yes, he would / No, he would not.
Sekarang kamu mengerti 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris? Mungkin memang agak sulit untuk menghafal ke-16 Tenses ini. Namun apakah kamu tahu ada cara mudah untuk menguasai Grammar bahasa Inggris, termasuk Tenses?
Terakhir update artikel : 21-05-2021