Demonstrative

Demonstratives show where an object, event, or person is in relation to the speaker. They can refer to a physical or a psychological closeness or distance. When talking about events, the near demonstratives are often used to refer to the present while the far demonstratives often refer to the past.

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Demonstrative atau kata tunjuk menunjukkan jarak relatif suatu objek, kejadian, atau seseorang dari penutur. Kata-kata ini dapat merujuk ke kedekatan atau jarak fisik maupun psikologi. Kata tunjuk dekat sering digunakan untuk merujuk ke kejadian saat ini, sedangkan kata tunjuk jauh sering merujuk ke kejadian di masa lalu.

  Dekat dengan penutur Jauh dari penutur
Kata keterangan Here There
Kata tunjuk dengan kata benda tunggal dan tidak dapat dihitung This That
Kata tunjuk dengan kata benda jamak dan dapat dihitung These Those

Penggunaan kata tunjuk

Contoh
Dekat dengan penutur Jauh dari penutur
Is this John's house? Is that John's house over there?
This is a nice surprise! That must have been a nice surprise for you.
These apples are mine. Those apples are yours.
What are you up to these days? Those days are long gone.
This time I won't be late. We really surprised you that time.
This sugar is for my crepes. You can use that sugar for your cake.

Penempatan pada kalimat

Kata tunjuk dapat diletakkan sebelum kata benda atau kata sifat yang memodifikasi kata benda.

Contoh
  • This blue car needs to be washed next.
  • Those people were here first.
  • That metal rod should work.
  • These oranges are delicious.

Kata tunjuk juga dapat diletakkan sebelum angka saat kata benda sudah diketahui dari konteks.

Contoh
  • I'd like to try on that one.
  • This one is broken.
  • I'll take these three.
  • Those two are not as pretty as these two.

Kata tunjuk dapat digunakan sendirian saat kata benda yang dimodifikasi oleh kata tunjuk tersebut sudah diketahui dari konteks.

Contoh
  • I'll never forget this.
  • That has nothing to do with me.
  • I didn't ask for these.
  • Those aren't mine.

 

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