Membentuk kata sifat dan kata benda kebangsaan dari nama-nama negara tidaklah mudah dalam bahasa Inggris. Gunakan kata sifat kebangsaan yang berakhir dengan -ese atau -ish (untuk kata kerja jamak) untuk merujuk ke semua orang berkebangsaan tersebut. Kata sifat yang ada di sini juga sering merujuk ke bahasa yang digunakan di negara tersebut meskipun tidak selalu.
Contoh
- Negara: I live in Japan.
- Kata sifat: He likes Japanese food.
- Asal usul: She is a Japanese person. = She is from Japan. = She is Japanese.
- Bahasa: She speaks Japanese.
- Mendeskripsikan sebuah kelompok: Spaniards often drink wine. = Spanish people often drink wine.
- Mendeskripsikan sebuah kelompok: The Chinese enjoy fireworks. = Chinese people enjoy fireworks.
Dalam beberapa kasus, kata benda kebangsaan atau kedaerahan dapat dikaitkan dengan konotasi negatif untuk beberapa orang karena alasan sejarah atau politik. Jadi, banyak orang tidak akan menggunakannya, dan mereka akan menggunakan: kata sifat yang lebih netral + people atau people from + nama negara. Formula ini digunakan untuk contoh-contoh bertanda bintang di bawah ini. Formula alternatif, yang hampir tidak mungkin menyinggung seseorang, dituliskan dalam tanda kurung.
| Daerah Geografis/Benua | Kata Sifat (Adjective) | Kata Benda (Noun) |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | African | an African* (an African person, someone from Africa) |
| Asia | Asian | an Asian* (an Asian person, someone from Asia) |
| Europe | European | a European |
| Central America | Central American | a Central American |
| Middle East | Middle Eastern | a Middle Easterner |
| North Africa | North African | a North African |
| South America | South American | a South American |
| Southeast Asia | Southeast Asian | a Southeast Asian person |
| Negara atau Daerah | Kata Sifat (Adjective) | Kata Benda (Noun) |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Afghan | an Afghan |
| Algeria | Algerian | an Algerian |
| Angola | Angolan | an Angolan |
| Argentina | Argentine | an Argentine |
| Austria | Austrian | an Austrian |
| Australia | Australian | an Australian |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | a Bangladeshi |
| Belarus | Belarusian | a Belarusian |
| Belgium | Belgian | a Belgian |
| Bolivia | Bolivian | a Bolivian |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian/Herzegovinian | a Bosnian/a Herzegovinian |
| Brazil | Brazilian | a Brazilian |
| Britain | British | a Briton (bentuk tidak formal: a Brit) |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | a Bulgarian |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | a Cambodian |
| Cameroon | Cameroonian | a Cameroonian |
| Canada | Canadian | a Canadian |
| Central African Republic | Central African | a Central African |
| Chad | Chadian | a Chadian |
| China | Chinese | a Chinese person |
| Colombia | Colombian | a Colombian |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | a Costa Rican |
| Croatia | Croatian | a Croat |
| the Czech Republic | Czech | a Czech person |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Congolese | a Congolese person (Catatan: Kata benda ini juga digunakan untuk orang-orang dari Republic of the Congo.) |
| Denmark | Danish | a Dane |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | an Ecuadorian |
| Egypt | Egyptian | an Egyptian |
| El Salvador | Salvadoran | a Salvadoran (Salvadorian & Salvadorean juga dapat digunakan.) |
| England | English | an Englishman/Englishwoman |
| Estonia | Estonian | an Estonian |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | an Ethiopian |
| Finland | Finnish | a Finn |
| France | French | a Frenchman/Frenchwoman |
| Germany | German | a German |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | a Ghanaian |
| Greece | Greek | a Greek |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | a Guatemalan |
| Holland | Dutch | a Dutchman/Dutchwoman |
| Honduras | Honduran | a Honduran |
| Hungary | Hungarian | a Hungarian |
| Iceland | Icelandic | an Icelander |
| India | Indian | an Indian |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | an Indonesian |
| Iran | Iranian | an Iranian |
| Iraq | Iraqi | an Iraqi |
| Ireland | Irish | an Irishman/Irishwoman |
| Israel | Israeli | an Israeli |
| Italy | Italian | an Italian |
| Ivory Coast | Ivorian | an Ivorian |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | a Jamaican |
| Japan | Japanese | a Japanese person |
| Jordan | Jordanian | a Jordanian |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakh | a Kazakhstani (Digunakan sebagai kata benda, "a Kazakh" merujuk ke kelompok etnis, bukan kebangsaan.) |
| Kenya | Kenyan | a Kenyan |
| Laos | Lao | a Laotian (Digunakan sebagai kata benda, "a Lao" merujuk ke kelompok etnis, bukan kebangsaan.) |
| Latvia | Latvian | a Latvian |
| Libya | Libyan | a Libyan |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | a Lithuanian |
| Madagascar | Malagasy | a Malagasy |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | a Malaysian |
| Mali | Malian | a Malian |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | a Mauritanian |
| Mexico | Mexican | a Mexican* (Mungkin menyinggung di AS. Gunakan "someone from Mexico".) |
| Morocco | Moroccan | a Moroccan |
| Namibia | Namibian | a Namibian |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | a New Zealander |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | a Nicaraguan |
| Niger | Nigerien | a Nigerien |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | a Nigerian |
| Norway | Norwegian | a Norwegian |
| Oman | Omani | an Omani |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | a Pakistani* (Mungkin menyinggung di UK. Gunakan "someone from Pakistan".) |
| Panama | Panamanian | a Panamanian |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | a Paraguayan |
| Peru | Peruvian | a Peruvian |
| The Philippines | Philippine | a Filipino* (someone from the Philippines) |
| Poland | Polish | a Pole* (someone from Poland, a Polish person) |
| Portugal | Portuguese | a Portuguese person |
| Republic of the Congo | Congolese | a Congolese person (Catatan: Kata benda ini juga digunakan untuk orang-orang dari Democratic Republic of the Congo.) |
| Romania | Romanian | a Romanian |
| Russia | Russian | a Russian |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi, Saudi Arabian | a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian |
| Scotland | Scottish | a Scot |
| Senegal | Senegalese | a Senegalese person |
| Serbia | Serbian | a Serbian (Digunakan sebagai kata benda, "a Serb" merujuk ke kelompok etnis, bukan kebangsaan.) |
| Singapore | Singaporean | a Singaporean |
| Slovakia | Slovak | a Slovak |
| Somalia | Somalian | a Somalian |
| South Africa | South African | a South African |
| Spain | Spanish | a Spaniard* (a Spanish person, someone from Spain) |
| Sudan | Sudanese | a Sudanese person |
| Sweden | Swedish | a Swede |
| Switzerland | Swiss | a Swiss person |
| Syria | Syrian | a Syrian |
| Thailand | Thai | a Thai person |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | a Tunisian |
| Turkey | Turkish | a Turk |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen | a Turkmen / the Turkmens |
| Ukraine | Ukranian | a Ukranian |
| The United Arab Emirates | Emirati | an Emirati |
| The United States | American | an American |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | a Uruguayan |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | a Vietnamese person |
| Wales | Welsh | a Welshman/Welshwoman |
| Zambia | Zambian | a Zambian |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | a Zimbabwean |
Kota juga dapat diubah menjadi kata sifat dan kata benda meskipun sangat jarang dan bentuk nominalnya tidak selalu disetujui (mungkin ada beberapa variasi bentuk). Berikut adalah beberapa nama kota yang diubah menjadi kata sifat dan kata benda.
| Kota | Kata Sifat (Adjective) | Kata Benda (Noun) |
|---|---|---|
| Paris | Parisian | a Parisian |
| New York | New York | a New Yorker |
| Sydney | Sydney | a Sydney-sider |
| London | London | a Londoner |
| São Paulo | São Paulo | a Paulistano |
| New Delhi | New Delhi | a Delhiite |
| Cape Town | Cape Town | a Capetonian |