Past Perfect Tense
Uji pemahaman AndaFungsi dari past perfect
Past perfect merujuk ke waktu lebih awal dari sebelum sekarang. Tense ini digunakan untuk memperjelas bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu. Tidak penting kejadian mana yang disebutkan lebih dahulu karena tense akan menunjukkan kejadian mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu.
Dalam contoh-contoh ini, kejadian A adalah kejadian yang terjadi lebih dahulu, dan kejadian B adalah kejadian kedua atau yang lebih baru:
| Kejadian A | Kejadian B |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| Kejadian A | Kejadian B |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| Kejadian B | Kejadian A |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| Kejadian B | Kejadian A |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
Membentuk past perfect
Past perfect tense dalam bahasa Inggris tersusun dari dua bagian: past tense dari kata kerja to have (had) + past participle dari kata kerja utama.
| Subjek | had | past participle |
|---|---|---|
| Positif | ||
| She | had | given |
| Negatif | ||
| She | hadn't | asked |
| Pertanyaan | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| Pertanyaan negatif | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
To decide, past perfect
| Positif | Negatif | Pertanyaan |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided | I hadn't decided | Had I decided? |
| You had decided | You hadn't decided | Had you decided? |
| She had decided | She hadn't decided | Had she decided? |
| We had decided | We hadn't decided | Had we decided? |
| They had decided | They hadn't decided | Had they decided? |
Past perfect + just
Just digunakan dengan past perfect untuk merujuk ke kejadian yang hanya sedikit lebih awal dari sebelum sekarang, seperti:
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.